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調査によると、「改善」に関連する言葉は、引き算よりも足し算に密接に関連しており、複雑すぎる解決策につながる可能性があります。 この追加バイアスは英語に深く組み込まれており、単純化するよりも層や要素を追加することを好むため、意思決定に悪影響を与える可能性があります。
新しい研究によると、英語の言語バイアスは、何かを引き算するのではなく、足し算することで「改善」することを奨励するもので、AI チャットボットにも根付いているほど広まっていることが明らかになりました。
「改善」の概念を扱う言葉は、多くの場合、削減ではなく強化に関連しています。 これにより、私たちが強化しようとしているものを不必要に複雑にする行動を取るよう促される可能性があります.
バーミンガム大学、グラスゴー大学、ポツダム大学、ノーサンブリア大学の国際研究チームが、ジャーナルに研究を発表しました。 認知科学 彼らの調査結果を詳述します。
ボド ウィンター博士、認知言語学准教授[{” attribute=””>University of Birmingham said: “Our study builds on existing research which has shown that when people seek to make improvements, they generally add things.
“We found that the same bias is deeply embedded in the English language. For example, the word ‘improve’ is closer in meaning to words like ‘add’ and ‘increase’ than to ‘subtract’ and ‘decrease’, so when somebody at a meeting says, ‘Does anybody have ideas for how we could improve this?,’ it will already, implicitly, contain a call for improving by adding rather than improving by subtracting.”
The research also finds that other verbs of change like ‘to change’, ‘to modify’, ‘to revise’ or ‘to enhance’ behave in a similar way, and if this linguistic addition bias is left unchecked, it can make things worse, rather than improve them. For example, improving by adding rather than subtracting can make bureaucracy become excessive.
This bias works in reverse as well. Addition-related words are more frequent and more positive in ‘improvement’ contexts rather than subtraction-related words, meaning this addition bias is found at multiple levels of English language structure and use.
The bias is so ingrained that even AI chatbots have it built in. The researchers asked GPT-3, the predecessor of ChatGPT, what it thought of the word ‘add’. It replied: “The word ‘add’ is a positive word. Adding something to something else usually makes it better. For example, if you add sugar to your coffee, it will probably taste better. If you add a new friend to your life, you will probably be happier.”
Dr. Winter concludes: “The positive addition bias in the English language is something we should all be aware of. It can influence our decisions and mean we are pre-disposed to add more layers, more levels, more things when in fact we might actually benefit from removing or simplifying.
“Maybe next time we are asked at work, or in life, to come up with suggestions on how to make improvements, we should take a second to consider our choices for a bit longer.”
Reference: “More is better: language statistics are biased towards addition” by B. Winter, M. H. Fischer, C. Scheepers and A. Myachykov, 3 April 2023, Cognitive Science.
DOI: 10.1111/cogs.13254
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